Topic A: Strengthening Global Supply Chain Resilience in Response to Tariffs and Export Controls

In the modern economic system, global supply chains play a central role in promoting international trade, economic growth, and technological development. In the past few decades, with the development of technology and network environment, production networks have become increasingly global, allowing companies to purchase raw materials, produce, and distribute products across different countries. This system greatly reduces production costs and improves efficiency, but it also creates new vulnerabilities: when geopolitical tensions, trade conflicts or policy interventions occur, the flow of goods and technology can be severely affected. In recent years, tariffs and export controls have been increasingly used by countries as economic and strategic policy tools. Governments usually interpret these measures as protecting national security, safeguarding domestic industries, or preventing the outflow of sensitive technologies. However, these policies may also lead to the fragmentation of global markets and increase the instability of international supply chains. For example, trade frictions between major economies have led to export restrictions on key industries such as semiconductors, rare earths, and advanced manufacturing equipment. These changes have forced companies and governments to rethink supply chain structures, such as through diversification, regionalized production, or industrial reshoring to reduce risks. As an important organization responsible for international economic and financial cooperation, the ECOFIN Committee should pay close attention to the impact of these changes on the global economy. Strengthening supply chain resilience requires not only considering national security issues but also maintaining an open and stable international trade system. Representatives of various countries can discuss how to reduce supply chain risks while maintaining global economic stability through international coordination, infrastructure investment, and diversification of production networks.

Topic B: Bridging the Global Digital Divide: Inclusive Infrastructure and E-Commerce in the Era of Globalization

The rapid development of digital technology is profoundly changing the global economic structure. Digital infrastructure, such as broadband networks, cloud computing, and digital payment systems, enables new forms of trade, innovative models, and economic participation. Digital platforms also allow companies to enter international markets at lower costs. Digital services are gradually becoming an important part of global trade. However, access to global digital infrastructure remains extremely uneven, and billions of people still lack stable Internet connections, especially in developing countries and rural areas. This digital divide limits economic opportunities, makes it difficult for small and medium-sized enterprises to participate in the global digital market, and exacerbates existing economic inequality. At the same time, regulatory differences across countries in data governance, digital taxation, and cross-border data flows have created new obstacles to the development of digital trade. For the ECOFIN Committee, bridging the digital divide is both an economic issue and a development issue. It requires investment in digital infrastructure, strengthened international cooperation, and innovative financing mechanisms to promote inclusive digital economic growth, enabling more countries and regions to share the development opportunities of the digital economy.

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